Euskara, the Basque language, is spoken on both sides of the far Western Pyrenees, in territories belonging to both Spain and France. Unrelated to any other and thought to be the oldest in Europe, it was spoken prior to the arrival of Indo-European languages (about 4400 BCE). The Basque homeland was originally called Euskal Herria, literally “the land of the Basque language” and its population euskaldunak, “the possessors of the Basque language.”
The transmission and use of Euskara has been banned or undervalued for many years, putting it on the threshold of extinction. But after forty years of strong commitment and hard work by individuals and political associations, around 943,000 people use Basque worldwide. The inclusion of Basque language in the education system has led to the rejuvenation and growth of the number of speakers, and it has strengthened assurance of continuity of the language.
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